SUMO is a key posttranslational modification that modulates the function, localization, and assembly of protein complexes. In the ever-escalating host-pathogen arms race, viruses have evolved strategies to subvert sumoylation. Adenovirus is a small DNA tumor virus that is a global human pathogen and key biomedical agent in basic research and therap...
A major issue is whether surface expression of the pre-TCR is necessary for signaling the development of immature thymocytes. To address this question, we generated transgenic mice expressing a TCRbeta chain that had a strong endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval signal (TCRbetaER) and that was expressed intracellularly but failed to reach the cell ...
Evolution of minimal DNA tumor virus genomes has selected for small viral oncoproteins that hijack critical cellular protein interaction networks. The structural basis for the multiple and dominant functions of adenovirus oncoproteins has remained elusive. E4-ORF3 forms a nuclear polymer and simultaneously inactivates p53, PML, TRIM24, and MRE11/R...
In response to cellular genome breaks, MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) activates a global ATM DNA damage response (DDR) that prevents cellular replication. Here, we show that MRN-ATM also has critical functions in defending the cell against DNA viruses. We reveal temporally distinct responses to adenovirus genomes: a critical MRN-ATM DDR that must be inacti...
mTOR is a critical regulator of protein translation, and plays an important role in controlling cellular replication. Recent studies indicate that nutrient and growth factor mediated activation of mTOR is deregulated in human cancer, and therefore represents an attractive tumor target. However, activation of mTOR is a complex process that is not ye...
The small DNA tumor viruses encode proteins that subvert many of the pivotal growth regulatory pathways within the cell to facilitate their own replication. The cell responds to viral infection/proteins by activating the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Activation of p53 could impair a productive viral infection at many levels, including the inhibitio...
The MAGE proteins are best known as curious tumor-specific antigens. However, Doyle et al. (2010) reveal that MAGE proteins interact with RING proteins to promote ubiquitylation which provides important new insights into the physiological and pathological functions of this enigmatic family of proteins.
T cell development is regulated by extracellular signals that mediate cellular proliferation and differentiation via specific signal transduction pathways. To determine the importance of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway in thymocyte development, we analyzed transgenic mice expressing dominant negative Raf (DN Raf) and a con...
